Basic Types of Screw Drive -

The basic types of screw drives are three. Firstly, the simplest is the lead screw drive which is commonly known as Acme screws. The metric version of Acme screws is called trapezoidal screws. The lead screw uses typically a machined bronze nut, which contacts the screw on the flank of the thread and distributes the load over a large area. Another type of screw drive is the ball screws which are very popular due to their high speed capability. The last style of screw drive are the planetary roller screws which offer force capability rivaling the lead screw with speeds of the ball screw drive.

Ball Screw Drive - Know At Length

The Ball screws convert rotary motion into linear motion and consist of a screw and a nut. These have a number of bearing balls which help to transfer the load between the nut and the screw.

Ball screw drives make use of a large number of ball bearings as the interface between the screw and the nut. This rolling action along with a low specific load on each ball gives a high affiance. The typical figure on an affiance of 90% for ball screw drives. The highly low friction is well suited for preloaded drives, which offer no backlash. Ball screws are also available in very high leads, for example in one case 2.5 times larger than the diameter (our 20 mm diameter, 50 mm lead screw). With a screw speed of 3000 rpm, ball screws can move loads at a rate as high up to 100 in/sec (2.5 m/s). This makes them the perfect choice for light to medium load motion and servo drive applications. The balls used inside a ball screw drive need to be returned back to the front of the nut after they have passed the entire length of the nut. This can be achieved by the nut's return system. The internal return systems are quieter and more reliable package which are easier to mount. This also allows to run at higher rotational speeds due to optimization of the path that the balls take between load zones. For high lead screws, up to 5 starts (independent threads) on the screw are used.

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